Alfa Laval pursuing geothermal efficiency in Turkey

Vast unexploited potential

The potential for large-scale utilization of thermal energy is most obvious in regions where there is volcanic activity close to the earth surface, which are regions situated close to the continental plate boundaries. In terms of volumes utilized, the Top Five countries of geothermal heating are: China, Japan, USA, Iceland and Turkey.

It is a challenging fact that the calculated Turkish potential of geothermal energy use amounts to 31 500 MW. This is the highest potential in Europe and the seventh highest in the world. The present level of direct geothermal energy utilization in the country is 1 229 MW. Of this total volume, 696 MW is used for heating of residential buildings, while the rest is used for thermal spas (402 MW) and greenhouses (131 MW). To stimulate this development, the Turkish government has initiated an exchange of technological experience with the government of Iceland.

Model project

In the Balcova geothermal system, hot water ascends over an area of about 2 km along a major fracture zone, reaching almost boiling temperatures close to the surface. The hot water discharges via two concealed horizontal flows, one in the upper 100 metres beneath the ground surface and another in layers between 400 and 700 metres deep.

The Balcova project is an interesting “model project” distributing heat and domestic tap water to local households
via a district heating network and with geothermal water as medium. The network in Balcova is built and operated by
a local energy company – Izmir Jeotermal Energy – owned jointly by the metropolitan municipality of Izmir (50 %) and the provincial government (50 %).

Only the best

The cooperation between Izmir Jeotermal and Alfa Laval was established years ago and is consequently running smoothly at the present stage. Says Ali Ichedef, General Manager of Izmir Jeotermal:

– When it comes to equipment, we simply have to pick the best. The supplier must be able to prove a powerful capacity for after sales services and emergency preparedness. We are happy to say, that Alfa Laval fulfils these uncompromising criteria with a very safe margin.

Since Alfa Laval equipment was installed, spare parts and maintenance costs have been cut by some 20 %. In parts
of the system costs have been reduced with up to 50 % due to high thermal efficiency and minimized downtime. The
latter is naturally a key aspect, and Alfa Laval has earmarked considerable resources to provide daily support and a broad spectrum of after sales services. As a response to this effort, Izmir Jeotermal has placed a request for a service center dimensioned for all the substations in the area, some 1500 of them delivered by Alfa Laval.

Erkan Erpolat is a sales engineer at Alfa Laval, Turkey. He describes the Alfa Laval mission within the Balcova system in functional terms.

– Our main PHEs on site transfer hot ground water to the main city ring from a separate loop circulating water between the geothermal well and a re-injection point. By other PHEs, heat from this ring is transferred to a circuit supplying hot water to subscribers.

There are some 1 500 PHEs from Alfa Laval at work within the network. A number of MX25, M15 and TL10 along with one M10 are used as main stations. The others are substations, mostly M6.

During the gradual exploitation of the Balcova geothermal field, Alfa Laval has gathered valuable experience from utilization of geothermal energy distributed via district heating networks. The continuous dialogue and intense teamwork with Izmir Jeotermal has expanded and deepened our knowledge within this expansive field of technology.